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Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2003 16:48:55 +0700 
Subject: [ppiindia] SELINGAN: IQ Presiden 
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President Bush Ranks Lowest IQ in 50 Years of US Presidents 2003-07-30 02:21 (New York)

July 30 (Bloomberg)--- President Bush Ranks Lowest IQ in 50 Years of US Presidents

In a report published Monday, the Lovenstein Institute of Scranton, 
Pennsylvania, detailed its findings of a four-month study of the 
intelligence quotient of President George W. Bush. Since 1973,the 
Lovenstein Institute has published its research to the educational 
community on each new president, which includes the famous "IQ" 
report among others. There have been twelve presidents over the past 
50 years, from F.D. Roosevelt to G.W. Bush, who were rated based on 
scholarly achievements, writings that they produced without aid of 
staff, their ability to speak with clarity, and several other 
psychological factors, which were then scored using the Swanson/Crain
system of intelligence ranking.

The study determined the! following IQs of each president as 
accurate to within five percentage points:
147 .. Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)
132 .. Harry Truman (D)
122 .. Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)
174 .. John F. Kennedy (D)
126 .. Lyndon B. Johnson (D)
155.. Richard M. Nixon (R)
121 .. Gerald Ford (R)
175 .. James E. Carter (D)
105 .. Ronald Reagan (R)
098 .. George Bush (R)
182 .. William J. Clinton (D)
091 .. George W. Bush (R)

In IQ order:

182 .. William J. Clinton (D)
175 .. James E. Carter (D)
174 .. John F. Kennedy (D)
155 .. Richard M. Nixon (R)
147 .. Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)
132 .. Harry Truman (D)
126 .. Lyndon B. Johnson (D)
122 .. Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)
121 .. Gerald Ford (R)
105 .. Ronald Reagan (R)
098 ..George Bush (R)
091 .. George W. Bush (R)

The six Republican presidents of t! he past 50 years had an average
IQ of 115.5, with President Nixon having the highest at 155. 
President G.W. Bush rated the lowest of all the Republicans with an 
IQ of 91.

The six Democrat presidents had IQs with an average of 156, with 
President Clinton having the highest IQ, at 182. President Lyndon B. 
Johnson was rated the lowest of all the Democrats with an IQ of 126.

No president other than Carter (D) has released his actual IQ, 176.

Among comments made concerning the specific testing of President GW 
Bush, his low ratings are due to his apparently difficult command of 
the English language in public statements, his limited use of 
vocabulary (6,500 words for Bush versus an average of 11,000 words 
for other presidents), his lack of scholarly achievements other than 
a basic MBA, and an absence of any body of work which could be 
studied on an intellectual basis. The complete report documents the 
methods and procedures ! used to arrive at these ratings, including 
depth of sentence structure and voice stress confidence analysis.

"All the Presidents prior to George W. Bush had a least one book 
under their belt, and most had written several white papers during 
their education or early careers. Not so with President Bush," 
Dr. Lovenstein said. "He has no published works or writings, which 
made it more difficult to arrive at an assessment. We relied more 
heavily on transcripts of his unscripted public speaking."

The Lovenstein Institute of Scranton Pennsylvania think tank 
includes high caliber historians, psychiatrists, sociologists, 
scientists in human behavior, and psychologists. Among their ranks 
are Dr. Werner R. Lovenstein, world-renowned sociologist, and 
Professor Patricia F. Dilliams, a world-respected psychiatrist.